Developing User Artifacts with Qual. Methods

Goals as UXR lead:

Develop crucial artifacts to inform product design decisions and provide a new perspective on the user journey and what previous research might be missing. Especially with the rapid growth and impact of social media on young people.

Study Overview

When: March 2023

Method: Semi-structured formative interviews

n = 25

  • Adults (18-50) with history of depression, substance abuse, and SI (suicidal ideation)

  • Teenagers (13-17) with history of depression and substance abuse

Artifacts: Journey Maps, Personas, Jobs to Be Done

Defining the Approach to Interviewing Users

Research Purpose

  1. Know our target users well enough to create meaningful artifacts that will guide design and requirements going forward.

  2. Understand the functional differences in treatment needs and journey between the adult/NIAAA and teen/NIDA users.*

*NIAAA and NIDA refer to different grants that define users with different acceptance criteria.

Product Overview

An app-based support and habit builder for users 14+ to maintain their recovery following mental illness stabilization, probation (or rehabbing), attempts, substance abuse, and more. This product was not being designed to treat any of the listed but to help users maintain their stabilization. We needed to know more about these users and their journeys in order to design the right thing for them.

Writing Protocols

Scroll to bottom to see Research Questions

My goal as the moderator and designer of any study is to create a safe environment for the participants to feel comfortable sharing in. The questions and subject matter are particularly hard in this one. Empathy and patience are key to successful interviewing and insightful findings.

To do this, I prioritized committing the research questions to memory and using them as the map to drive a conversation. Not necessarily relying on a pre-written list of questions in a protocol. Every person’s story is different and that is especially apparent with their mental health journey.

Conducting Semi-Structured Interviews

Objectives

  • Learn about participants’ journies including:

    • General history with their mental health struggles and wins

    • Pain points in treatment (how they were treated vs how they wished they were treated)

    • Support they received (and whether or not it worked and how)

      • 12-step group, therapist, mentors, friends/family, etc

    • How they managed or not managed and what happened

      • Skills, treatments

    • Aha! moments

      • When they realized something was “wrong”

      • When they hit milestones in their recovery or grounding

  • Learn what kept participants accountable throughout their own journey with their mental health. How and whys.

  • Throughout interview, look to understand where a digital companion could fit into the lives and journeys of participants to support their path to wellness, groundedness, and symptom management.

  • As an interviewer, always being impartial, empathetic, and professional when broaching tough concepts and questions. Meaningfully engage with the interviewees as they choose or not to disclose sensitive and tough subject matter.

People First Interviewing

During this study, we realized we had a gap in how we prepped and off boarded our participants when we were engaging them with highly sensitive subjects. Like their history with mental illness, SI, and substance abuse. Most participants suffered trauma that still left shadows in their current recovered state.

Because of that context, in conjunction with People With Lived Experience (PLEs) and Clinical Experts, I helped devise a system for charting research intensity and sensitivity to guarantee that any person who participated in research with us was treated with the care and compassion required. That included a pre-interview calls with a Peer Counselor (also known as a PLE) to prep the participant for the subject matter and to introduce them to me. After the interview, a debrief with the same person is scheduled to check in. The participant was paid for an additional 30 minutes of their time to be spent on self-care (or whatever they wanted).

Findings & Artifacts

Please click into previews to view PDF versions

Adult Persona

Journey Maps

Jobs to be Done

Youth Persona

Research Questions

  • When it comes to getting support for managing their depression/alcohol abuse, what do users most care about?

    • Why do they care about it?

    • What would that do for them (in terms of outcomes/expectations)?

    • What do they want to feel when they think they’re getting support?

    • (moderator guidance) Helps to prioritize what features to build and consider other features we would have otherwise not considered.

  • What have users tried that did AND did not help with supporting their depression/alcohol abuse?

    • What were they initially expecting it would help with?

    • Why do they believe it did help/didn’t help?

    • What do they believe would have helped instead/helped further?

    • (moderator guidance) Helps to identify features/experiences to lean into and those areas to tread carefully/avoid.

  • When in prior experience, did the user feel that they needed help with depression/alcohol abuse?

    • Why did they feel this was the particular point in time when they needed the most help?

    • Did they end up getting help or not?

      • If not, why didn’t they reach out for help?

    • What were they feeling that helped them identify the need for help?

    • Were they ever able to identify any trends or consistent signs?

    • (moderator guidance) Depression/alcohol urges comes in waves, and we need to understand critical moments of intervention.

  • Have users ever tried learning a new exercise/skill to help with depression or alcohol/substance abuse?

    • If Yes

      • Did they learn this on their own or with the help of others?

      • How did they learn this (through video, in-person, chat, reading, etc.)?

      • How long did it take for users to feel like they knew how to “master” (aka feel comfortable with using) the exercise/skill? How frequently did they re-visit the skill?

      • What helped in learning the new exercise/skill?

        • What made it easy to learn?

        • Who helped in learning the new exercise/skill?

        • Why was it helpful?

      • What did NOT help?

        • What made it difficult//cause discomfort?

      • What did users do when they hit walls with skills? what did they do to stick with a skill?

        • What enabled them to be persistent with a skill that did not return an immediate value?

  • If No

    • Reasons why they have never tried?

    • What would have make them want to try?

  • Have users ever tried building a habit in learning a new exercise/skill?

    • What worked/didn’t work and why? How did it make them feel?

  • (moderator guidance) Need to understand motivators & fears for learning a new therapy activity; what makes them feel comfortable/feel discomfort in learning a new skill; specific features to consider for helping them to learn; need to understand critical factors/motivators (such as rewards) and areas of discomfort in building a habit.

  • Have users worked with a therapist before? Why or why not?

    • If Yes:

      • What helped users to trust and open up to a therapist? Medium for engagement?

      • What type of information were they willing to share vs not share?

      • What did they not like about working with a therapist?

      • Has there been an instance where therapist broke trust with you? How and why?

      • Where did they have the biggest impact? - positive or negative

    • If No:

      • What made them not want to work with a therapist? What’s important for them to want to try?

    • (moderator guidance) We’re going to need to do top problems/initial assessment/then tell them a therapist is in the loop. Need to make sure they feel comfortable interacting with a therapist and us sharing their data/progress with therapist(s). Need to also understand their comfort level of a therapist recommending a treatment plan for them.

  • Support person involvement - when do users want to lean into a support person and why?

    • What do they hope to achieve/feel by leaning into a support person?

    • How did they engage with people who were experiencing similar things?

      • How did they build and maintain their community of like-people?

    • What types of communal activities were important to recovery?

    • Where did they have the biggest impact, positive or negative?

    • (moderator guidance) Validate → is sense of community (bonding with others who are going through the same thing) important to them in helping to stay on track/motivate them in their recovery? at what moments (when learning a new skill? practicing a new skill? when in distress?) is it critical?

  • (ADULT ONLY) Do iK2 Features (challenge cards, rewards) work for Adults?

    • What kind of mechanisms did users use to ensure they stay accountable/responsible for things they needed to do?

    • What worked for them in terms of staying on their set path and moving towards what was defined as wellness, improvement, or progress for them?

    • What types of feedback was positive and enable them to stick to their habits?

    • (moderator guidance) Validate → can what we’re already building for iK2 be leveraged for JDT?

  • What does maintanence look for them now?

    • How do they keep themselves accountable for the life that they want and worked towards or are actively working towards?

    • What tools and methods do they rely on?

      • Either through technology or not

  • (TEEN ONLY) What successfully engages and motivates a teen towards a wellness as it’s been defined for them

    • Is that even right? Does the teen get meaningful input on what “wellness” is for them?

    • What is the “buy in” for the teen? What is productive in getting them to take the first step towards their values or goals?

  • (TEEN ONLY) Can they confidently and accurately identify what negatively impacts them on their path towards wellness?

    • Conversely, can they identify what positively impacts their path and direction?

  • How do users react to drug testing as a progress measure on the app? Like a scale might be used in weight loss.